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  • Publication
    Do we really need Foundation Models for multi-step-ahead Epidemic Forecasting?
    (2024)
    Dey, Mrinmoy
    ;
    Chakrabartty, Aprameyo
    ;
    Sarkar, Dhruv
    ;
    The emergence of Foundation Models has radically transformed the Deep Learning scene and also accelerated its adoption in other domains. In particular, Large Language Models (LLMs) are being used in many time series forecasting tasks including Epidemic Forecasting. While the adoption of a new technology is generally a good sign, we must be scientific in analysing the benefits of doing so. We try two LLMs used in time series forecasting and show that on average, they perform almost similar or marginally better to the very popular classical statistical method ARIMA when applied to epidemic forecasting. We have performed extensive experiments on many Epidemic Forecasting datasets and thoroughly validated our conclusion that we need Foundation Models like LLMs for Epidemic Forecasting for the growth of the field even if the benefits are not proportionate to the costs immediately.
  • Publication
    Being mixed Emirati in the UAE: "Too Arab for the Westerners, too Westerner for the Arabs"
    (2023)
    Indycki, Wiona
    This study focuses on an indigenous population of the United Arab Emirates, commonly referred to as "half-Emiratis" in the common language and "mixed Emiratis" in an academic sociological context. Mixed Emiratis are the descendants of a mixed union composed of an Emirati parent and a non-Emirati parent. As a result of the multicultural context in which they grow up, their trajectories are often represented by interesting differences. These differences are sometimes judged or even stigmatized within the Emirati community or the extended family in question. These differences are also the result of an appealing open-mindedness in contrast to traditional Emirati families, who are sometimes more conservative. Through thirteen interviews with mixed Emirati individuals, who are children of an Emirati parent and a parent from another region of the world, this study traces how they grew up in order to understand how they perceive themselves within the Emirati local society today. Through the role of their parents, their extended family, their peers, and the social context in which they live, this study examines the complex way in which they define themselves in a society deeply rooted in its traditions and conservative values. We will see that while some feel totally Emirati, the vast majority feel that they belong to both cultures and build their lives on these two cultures, representing themselves as unique, while others feel more in tune with the society of their non-Emirati parent.
  • Publication
    DUBAI RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN THE SMART DUBAI INITAIVE AND THE HAPPY DUBAI VISION FROM A DATA PRIVACY STANDPOINT
    (2018)
    Mahgoub, Israa
    Driven by its aspiration to become the smartest and happiest city in the world, Dubai launched the Smart Dubai initiative. It consists of a complete digital transformation of the city where smart applications provide services in the areas of security, health, business, community management and transport with the aim of facilitating residents’ lives. The purpose of the present study is to understand residents’ perceptions in regard to their privacy in Smart Dubai. Do the huge amounts of personal data collected about them negatively affect their lived experience in the city? This question is investigated mainly through a quantitative questionnaire aimed at the public coupled with interviews with officials at Smart Dubai. The paper concludes that privacy concerns are widely present and that they indeed have a negative impact on Dubai residents’ happiness.
  • Publication
    Attitudes of Abu Dhabi Emirate population to reading
    (2017)
    Al-Ali, Aisha Ali Turki
    The study aims to provide an understanding of behaviours of reading in the UAE. It will measure the levels of reading activity for purposes other than study and analyse differences by demographic characteristics. It will also identify reasons why people in UAE do not read. The importance of this study comes from the importance of reading and its impact on people. In addition to that, reading is one of the important issues in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and of great concern. This study used both quantitative and qualitative methodology; Statistics Centre Abu Dhabi (SCAD) collected the survey data twice, in the first quarter and second quarters of 2016. The results of the survey show that reading means culture for more than half of respondents (53.6%), while 34.5% believe that reading means knowledge and 30.0% consider it science. Of those who did not read regularly (58.3%), 36.9% of respondents said that the reason for not reading was that they did not have enough time, 21.2% because of work pressure, and 12.3% did not show any reason for not reading. The percentage of females who said that the reason for not reading was the lack of time, 40.6%, was greater than the 33.1% for males, while the percentage was similar for citizens (37.8%) and non-citizens (36.1%). Of those who read, more than two thirds of the respondents (67.3%) prefer the Internet as a source of reading, followed by printed books as a second source (34.6%) and newspapers (33.2%). Inter-regional views are somewhat similar. About reading topics, the study showed that cultural books are the most popular books for readers with 41.3%, followed by Islamic books 37.2%, and stories and novels 36.0%. Fiction and excitement books were the least favored by readers.
  • Publication
    WHEN A FRIEND BECOMES AN ENEMY
    (2020)
    Al Ali, Ahmed
    The development of the United Arab Emirates previous to the discovery of oil was almost non-existent, with internecine fighting between tribes and a disinterested, almost negligent attitude by the British, whereas Iran by contrast was flourishing economically and socially. That there had been a long-standing Iranian trading presence in the “Trucial States” was of significant benefit to both parties, with “naturalisation” of Iranians a common practice. Oil exploitation, the reign of Sheikh Zayed al Nahyan and the Union of the 7 Emirates steered the UAE over 40 years to a state of prosperity that is almost unequalled. Iran by contrast fell victim to the despotic rule of the Shah, suffered dramatic changes under the Islamic Revolution, War with Iraq and the concomitant repressive regimes that, along with subsequent antagonistic internal and foreign policy objectives, have left the country internationally vilified and economically isolated. The global Iranian diaspora has therefore seen the socio-economic collapse of a once thriving nation and, particularly within the UAE have been forced to accept a precarious state of “residence without nationality” and even though not directly involved become a “diaspora under conflict” and have been forced to remain isolated or “trapped” away from the “homeland” for fear of politico-religious reprisals or more simply, a lack of livelihood. The investigation within this paper looks at the meanings of diaspora and community from the perspective of Iranians living and working in the UAE, their current fears, hopes and aspirations for themselves and for Iran as a whole.
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  • Publication
    The Late Holocene evolution of the Black Sea – a critical view on the so-called Phanagorian regression
    (2012) ;
    Kelterbaum, Daniel
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    Brückner, Helmut
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    Lericolais, Gilles
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    Porotov, Alexey
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    Dikarev, Vassily
    Throughout its geologic history, the Black Sea experienced major sea level changes accompanied by severe environmental modifications, including geomorphologic reshaping. The most spectacular changes were driven by the Quaternary glaciations and deglaciations that reflect responses to Milankovitch cycles of 100 and 20 ky periodicity. Major sea level changes were also considered for a shorter and more recent cyclicity. The concept of the Phanagorian re- and transgression cycle, supposedly with a minimum sea level stand of 5-6 m below its present position in the middle of the 1 st millennium BC, was established in 1963 by Fedorov for the Black Sea region. It was based on archaeological and palaeogeographical research conducted around the ancient Greek colonies of the Cimmerian Bosporus, in particular at the name giving site of Phanagoria, where underwater prospection had revealed the presence of a large number of submerged relics of the Classical Greek era. Analyses of sediment cores as well as 14C-dated fossil coastal bars in the western and southern parts of Taman Peninsula show that contemporary coastal bars are related to different sea levels. The dissymmetry can reach up to 6 m around 500 BC. This and more evidence from drill cores confirms that on Taman Peninsula many of the apparent sea level changes are tectonically induced. The subsidence may have been initiated by the release of gas from mud volcanoes inherited along anticline axes. Other observations around the Black Sea confirm that submerged archaeological sites correspond to areas where subsidence has taken places, while the so-called Holocene highstand - said to have been located above the present-day sea level - is associated with uplift areas (triggered by the ongoing Caucasus orogeny). Recent oceanographic research carried out in the Black Sea area shows that since the Black Sea was reconnected with the Mediterranean Sea (i.e., 7500 14C BP at the latest), both marine water bodies have been in equilibrium. This fact and arguments from archaeology, history, hydrodynamics etc. lead us to question the existence of the Phanagorian regression. It is important to note that none of the sea level curves established for the (eastern) Mediterranean shows a comparable regression/transgression cycle of several metres during the 1 st millennium BC.
      1059  84Scopus© Citations 44
  • Publication
    Non-linear relationship between real commodity price volatility and real effective exchange rate: The case of commodity-exporting countries
    (2019) ;
    Guillaumin, Cyriac
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    Silanine, Alexandre
    The aim of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between the real commodity price volatilities and the real effective exchange rate (REER) of commodity-exporting countries, taking into account the transition variable of financial market integration. To this end, we consider a sample of 42 commodity-exporting countries subdivided into 4 panels: food and beverages, energy, metals, and raw materials. Our results highlight that the relationship between real commodity price volatility and REER is non-linear and depends on the degree of financialization of the commodity market. Specifically, when a country is poorly integrated financially, the volatility of the real commodity price has a strong and negative impact on the variation in REER. However, for periods when a country is better integrated financially, we observe a decrease in the impact of real commodity price volatility on REER, especially for the two panels of food and beverages as well as energy. Our findings also highlight the growth of financialization of commodities post-2000, particularly in the case of the energy sector.
    Scopus© Citations 25  867
  • Publication
    Coral Reefs of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Analysis of Management Approaches in Light of International Best Practices and a Changing Climate
    (2020) ;
    Perry, Richard John Obrien
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    Al Blooshi, Ayesha Yousef
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    Ghedira, Hosni
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    Jabado, Rima W.
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    Marpu, Prashanth Reddy
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    Ouarda, Taha B. M. J.
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    Grandcourt, Edwin Mark
    The coasts and islands that flank Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates (UAE)’s largest emirate, host the country’s most significant coastal and marine habitats including coral reefs. These reefs, although subject to a variety of pressures from urban and industrial encroachment and climate change, exhibit the highest thresholds for coral bleaching and mortality in the world. By reviewing and benchmarking global, regional and local coral reef conservation efforts, this study highlights the ecological importance and economic uniqueness of the UAE corals in light of the changing climate. The analysis provides a set of recommendations for coral reef management that includes an adapted institutional framework bringing together stakeholders, scientists, and managers. These recommendations are provided to guide coral reef conservation efforts regionally and in jurisdictions with comparable environmental challenges.
      811  106Scopus© Citations 7
  • Publication
    The globalization of social sciences? Evidence from a quantitative analysis of 30 years of production, collaboration and citations in the social sciences (1980-2009)
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2014) ;
    Gingras, Y.
    This article addresses the issue of internationalization of social sciences by studying the evolution of production (of academic articles), collaboration and citations patterns among main world regions over the period 1980-2009 using the SSCI. The results confirm the centre-periphery model and indicate that the centrality of the two major regions that are North America and Europe is largely unchallenged, Europe having become more important and despite the growing development of Asian social sciences. The authors' quantitative approach shows that the growing production in the social sciences but also the rise of international collaborations between regions have not led to a more homogeneous circulation of the knowledge produced by different regions, or to a substantial increase in the visibility of the contributions produced by peripheral regions. Social scientists from peripheral regions, while producing more papers in the core journals compiled by the SSCI, have a stronger tendency to cite journals from the two central regions, thus losing at least partially their more locally embedded references, and to collaborate more with western social scientists. In other words, the dynamic of internationalization of social science research may also lead to a phagocytosis of the periphery into the two major centers, which brings with it the danger of losing interest in the local objects specific to those peripheral regions. © The Author(s) 2013.
    Scopus© Citations 109  726  107