Fouache, Eric

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Fouache, Eric
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info@sorbonne.ae
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6602212690
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  • Publication
    Conséquences de la crue extrême du 2 octobre 2020 dans la vallée de la Roya (Alpes Maritimes) sur les réseaux de transport et de communication : leçons pour la reconstruction
    (2023)
    Fouache, Eric 
    ;
    Marchiel, Adrien
    ;
    Rabaute, Alain
    ;
    Desruelles, Stéphane
    ;
    Gorini, Christian
    ;
    Bianchi, Nicoletta
    ;
    Kerverdo, Raphaël
    ;
    Lafuerza, Sara
    Le 2 octobre 2020, le passage de la tempête « Alex » a favorisé le déclenchement de précipitations « méditerranéennes » exceptionnellement intenses dans les vallées côtières des Alpes-Maritimes, notamment celle de la Roya. Ces pluies ont provoqué de nombreux processus hydro-géomorphologiques dévastateurs, crues glissements de terrain et éboulements principalement. Les destructions, qui ont frappé des infrastructures modernes et anciennes, ont été considérables, avec des conséquences sociales et économiques dramatiques. La majorité des ponts ont été détruits entre Tende et Breil-sur-Roya, ainsi que de grandes sections de routes et de voies ferrées. Les réseaux électriques, d’alimentation en eau et de fibre optique ont aussi été interrompus. L’isolement des villages a duré plusieurs mois et la reconstruction n’est pas achevée au 12 décembre 2022. À l’initiative d’enseignants-chercheurs de Sorbonne Université, un groupe de recherche, intitulé « Story : Risques et sociétés dans le bassin de la Roya : analyse pluridisciplinaire et multi-temporelle, des versants à la mer », s’est constitué, avec pour objectif d’associer des spécialistes des géosciences et de sciences humaines en vue (i) d’analyser la catastrophe d’octobre 2020, (ii) de restituer l’histoire des risques, de leur gestion et de leur perception et (iii) d’élaborer, avec les acteurs locaux, des recommandations pour la reconstruction de leur territoire, avec l’objectif de réduire les impacts des futurs événements extrêmes. Cet article présente les résultats préliminaires issus d’observations de terrain et d’analyses de données collectées. Le caractère exceptionnel de la crue est confirmé par la destruction d’une quantité inédite de ponts par une crue dans la vallée. Un facteur aggravant a été la construction au XXe siècle des routes en remblai dans le lit du fleuve. La voie ferrée a été plus affectée par les éboulements et les glissements de terrain induits par l’épisode hydro-climatique. La cartographie des secteurs détruits nous conduit à faire des recommandations, parfois en contradiction avec les directives retenues par les services de l’aménagement dans leur reconstruction très rapide des infrastructures. Nous discutons enfin les difficultés à concilier les perceptions des différents acteurs, le nécessaire temps de la recherche pas toujours facile à articuler avec l’urgence de la reconstruction et la nécessité vitale de désenclaver des secteurs qui sinon risquent d’être définitivement abandonnés par les populations.
      13Scopus© Citations 1
  • Publication
    Geomorphology of the Kalamas river delta (Epirus, Greece)
    (2022)
    Pavlopoulos, Kosmas 
    ;
    Adrien Gonnet
    ;
    Fouache, Eric 
    ;
    Charles Lecoeur
    This article presents the geomorphological mapping of the Kalamas river delta in Thesprotia (Epirus, north-western Greece). The Kalamas (also known as Thyamis) is one of the three main deltas of this region. Detailed mapping was performed through analysis of field geomorphological surveys and interpretation of old maps, satellite images, aerial photos, and DEM. The evolution of the delta as well as its current morphology derives from complex interactions between alluvial, marine dynamics and human activities. Several palaeo-channels have been identified, and the recent morphology of the delta has been altered by the construction of a dam and the canalization of the river during the second half of the twentieth century. The coastline is complex, and mainly consists of lagoons, sandy barriers and sand spits. Since part of the delta has been prograding for about fifty years, the current dynamics indicate erosion as well as progressive submersion of these low coasts.
    Scopus© Citations 1  79  40
  • Publication
    Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Sea Level Change in Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Greece) : Evidence from the Piraeus Coastal Plain and Elefsis Bay Sedimentary Records
    (MDPI, 2021)
    Pavlopoulos, Kosmas 
    ;
    Fouache, Eric 
    ;
    Triantaphyllou, Maria V.
    ;
    Tsourou, Theodora
    ;
    Kouli, Katerina
    ;
    Koukousioura, Olga
    ;
    Dimiza, Margarita D.
    ;
    Aidona, Elina V.
    ;
    Syrides, George
    ;
    Antoniou, Varvara
    ;
    Panagiotopoulos, Ioannis P.
    ;
    Vandarakis, Dimitris
    ;
    Pallikarakis, Aggelos
    ;
    Cheilaris, Sofia
    ;
    Skampa, Elisavet
    ;
    Goiran, Jean-Philippe
    Thorough faunal (benthic foraminifera, ostracods, molluscs) and palynomorph analyses as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on the Piraeus coastal plain sedimentary sequences have shed light on the paleoenvironmental evolution of the area since ca. 9000 cal BP. Benthic and palynomorph assemblages along with magnetic susceptibility suggest a typical lagoonal environment with significant freshwater inputs at the eastern part of the plain after 8700 cal BP. Between 7500 and 5400 cal BP, microfaunal assemblages, mollusc fauna and magnetic susceptibility suggest a shallow marine paleoenvironment, with Piraeus forming a tied island in the center of the bay. Since ca. 4800 cal BP a closed oligohaline lagoon is evidenced in the western part of the Piraeus plain further developed to a marsh after 2800 cal BP, while a coastal environment associated with the fluvio-deltaic system of Kifissos and Korydallos Rivers is continually developing to the west. Signs of cultivation and grazing activities in the area are evidenced since the Early Bronze Age, culminating during the Classical Period. A comparison with a well-dated marine record, recovered from the nearby shallow Elefsis Bay, provides a reasonable estimation of ~5 mm/yr for the absolute sea level rise rate in the inner Saronikos Gulf during the Mid-Holocene.
    Scopus© Citations 5  92  58
  • Publication
    Review on Late Pleistocene-Holocene relative sea-level changes in Kuwait : New evidence from Failaka island
    (Wiley, 2021)
    Pavlopoulos, Kosmas 
    ;
    Fouache, Eric 
    New results from fieldwork carried out on Failaka island testify to relative sea-level fluctuations during Late Pleistocene and Holocene. This study is based on analysing, sampling and dating geomorphological sea-level indicators, including beach ridges or beachrocks. The results have been compared and harmonised with recalibrated data from pre-existing literature to reconstruct the relative sea-level local chronology. The vertical displacement identified may have induced coastline mobility and significant environmental changes and impacted the human occupation in Failaka and along the coastal areas of Kuwait. Eventually, the results highlight the impact of large-scale crustal deformations on regional relative sea-level variations.
    Scopus© Citations 2  182  33
  • Publication
    Holocene relative sea-level variations and archeological implications, Abu Dhabi western region, United Arab Emirates
    (2020)
    Pavlopoulos, Kosmas 
    ;
    Fouache, Eric 
    ;
    Damien, Arhan
    New results from fieldwork in the western region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi showed meaningful differences in relative sea-level variations during Holocene and recorded unknown late marine highstands. These dynamics may have induced important environmental changes and affected human settlement. Surveys have been carried out in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in order to construct local sea-level variations. These results rely on identifying, characterizing, and dating sea-level indicators and particularly beachrocks. Two main areas were studied: Ghagha island and Ras Khumays peninsula. Data obtained from our surveys highlight significant differences and suggest local processes that need to be understood. From an archeological perspective, this work helps to better understand human settlement dynamic through the Holocene.
    Scopus© Citations 9  247  41
  • Publication
    Geomorphological changes in the coastal area of Farasan Al-Kabir Island (Saudi Arabia) since mid Holocene based on a multi-proxy approach
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2018)
    Pavlopoulos, Kosmas 
    ;
    Fouache, Eric 
    ;
    Koukousioura, O.
    ;
    Triantaphyllou, M.
    ;
    Vandarakis, D.
    ;
    Marion de Procé, S.
    ;
    Chondraki, V.
    ;
    Kapsimalis, V.
    The geomorphological evolution of the southeastern coastal area of Farasan Al-Kabir Island (Saudi Arabia) is revealed by the mapping of modern landforms and a multi-proxy and high spatial resolution study including grain size, particulate organic carbon, mineralogy, element geochemistry, benthic foraminifera analysis and radiocarbon dating of a 3.3-m long sediment core. The modern geomorphological features comprise a variety of arid landforms, such as plateau, cliffs and pediments of Pleistocene coral limestones, playa depressions located on plateau surfaces, alluvial fans, butte and sandy beaches. The mid Holocene evolution of the borehole area is resulted from the detailed analysis of five sedimentary units detected along the core Matar-1, and includes three distinct stages: (a) from 5253 ± 223 y cal BP to 3138 ± 223 y cal BP, carbonate coarse-grained material consisting of coral fragments, molluscs, calcareous algae and benthic foraminifera are deposited on a shallow marine fringing reefal platform, which becomes progressively a nearshore backreef (around 3675 ± 215 y cal BP), and later (around 3138 ± 223 y cal BP) a reef ramp; (b) since 3040 ± 220 y cal BP the borehole area obtains the characteristics of a high-energy beach that receives increasing inputs of terrigenous material; (c) subsequently, a supratidal backshore setting is established influenced mostly by terrestrial processes and occasionally by marine processes, as it is indicated by the decreasing and sometimes sporadic presence of benthic foraminifera, and recently, a sedimentary veneer consisting of terrigenous, carbonate and evaporite material is formed by terrestrial, mainly wadi and aeolian, processes. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA
    Scopus© Citations 10  214
  • Publication
    Pleistocene uplift evidences and geomorphological processes, along the Daghmar-Dibbab coastal area, (NE Oman)
    (2018)
    Pavlopoulos, Kosmas 
    ;
    Fouache, Eric 
    ;
    Moraetis, Daniel
    ;
    Scharf, Andreas
    The study coastal area between Daghmar and Dibab (NE Oman) was uplifted up to 200 m due to different tectonic processes which can be detected on different elevations of the coastal teracces cascading. The teracces formed due to Neogene to Quaternary tectonic movements which continued into the Upper Pleistocene and may be active during the Holocene. The combination of methods such as geodatabase creation, multi-criteria analysis of the landforms through the processing of the study's area DEM, field work-samplings and laboratory analysis (XRF, thin sections, dating's, OSL-14C), combined with semi-automated geomorphological mapping and the differential GPS profiles and measurements, and SAR interferometry (InSAR), contributed in the data processing. The results of the multi proxy and interdisciplinary methodological approach are used as tools for understanding the geomorphological evolution of the Neogene to Quaternary landscape, where landforms are presented as indicators of the area's evolution and define the processes that formed the current situation of the relief. At least three tectonic terraces were detected. A karstified planation surface of Eocene rocks is well developed. This planation surface is attached to the marineterraces and marks an elevation of 160-135m. The mapped terraces (depending on the locations) are at altitudes of about 120-90m. (T3), 75-45 m. (T2) and 35-20 m. (T1) with their foreheads (cliffs) vary in elevations from 15 to 30m. The preliminary results of this study area indicate an along strike the terraces, divided into different at least two tectonic blocks, with estimated uplift rate from 2.3mm/year (northern part) to 2.9 mm/year (southern part) respectively. The blocks are separated by perpendicular to the terraces striking faults. However, the kinematic of faults ,i.e. normal, reverse or strike-slip, could not be estimates Uplift and the sedimentary cover of the terraces (e.g. conglomerates, screes) confirm a swift transformation of the coastline area form at least the MIS 3 (24-59 ka) until the mid-late Holocene, accepting the global sea level chnanges.
      106  81
  • Publication
    Maritime delimitation in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua) expert opinion
    (2017)
    Fouache, Eric 
    ;
    Gutiérrez, Francisco
    1. On 25 February 2014, the Republic of Costa Rica (hereinafter “Costa Rica”) filed an Application with the International Court of Justice (hereinafter “the Court”) against the Republic of Nicaragua (hereinafter “Nicaragua”), requesting the Court “to determine the complete course of a single maritime boundary between all the maritime areas appertaining, respectively, to Costa Rica and to Nicaragua in the Caribbean Sea and in the Pacific Ocean, on the basis of international law”. 2. Costa Rica “further request[ed] the Court to determine the precise geographical co-ordinates of the single maritime boundaries in the Caribbean Sea and in the Pacific Ocean”. 3. In the Memorial, Costa Rica claims that the starting-point of the maritime delimitation between the Parties on the Caribbean side is “on the right bank of the San Juan River at its mouth” (para. 4.13). In the Counter-Memorial, Nicaragua contends that the starting-point is situated at the extremity of Punta de Castilla, near the north-eastern corner of Harbor Head Lagoon (para. 3.48), 3.59 km east of that suggested by Costa Rica. 4. The Court, considering that there were certain factual matters relating to the state of the coast between the point suggested by Costa Rica and the point suggested by Nicaragua in their pleadings as the starting-point of the maritime boundary in the Caribbean Sea, which might be relevant for the purpose of settling the dispute submitted to it, and that, with regard to such matters, it would benefit from an expert opinion, decided, in an Order dated 31 May 2016, that “[a]n expert opinion shall be obtained, which will be entrusted to two independent experts appointed by Order of the President of the Court after hearing the Parties”. 5. In its Order of 31 May 2016, the Court also decided that: “(2) The experts referred … above shall visit the site. They shall advise the Court regarding the state of the coast between the point suggested by Costa Rica and the point suggested by Nicaragua in their pleadings as the starting-point of the maritime boundary in the Caribbean Sea, and in particular answer the following questions: (a) What are the geographical co-ordinates of the point at which the right bank of the San Juan River meets the sea at the low-water line? (b) What are the geographical co-ordinates of the land point which most closely approximates to that identified by the first Alexander Award as the starting-point of the land boundary? (c) Is there a bank of sand or any maritime feature between the points referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) above? If so, what are their physical characteristics? In particular, are these features, or some of them, permanently above water, even at high tide? Is Los Portillos/Harbor Head Lagoon separated from the sea? (d) To what extent is it possible, or probable, that the area concerned will undergo major physical changes in the short and long term?” 6. The authors of the present Report were appointed by an Order of the President of the Court dated 16 June 2016.
      324  77
  • Publication
    Paleochannels of Zerafshan Delta (Boukhara oasis, Uzbekistan): First Luminescence datings
    (Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017)
    Fouache, Eric 
    ;
    Rante, R.
    ;
    Porto, E.
    ;
    Zink, A.J.C.
    An ongoing study on the Zerafshan delta, which now forms the double oasis of Bukhara and Qaraqöl, provides an understanding of urban evolution in a semi-arid environment linked to water resources management. In order to determine the chronology of the paleo-channels, a first series of OSL datings was undertaken. With the exception of one branch dating from the last glacial maximum, the others were active from the Neolithic to the early Bronze Age, with a general movement from north-east to south-west. © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS
    Scopus© Citations 3  109  81